A Case for Family Care

RESEARCH ON THE INSTITUTIONAL CARE OF CHILDREN

The purpose of this section is to give a brief overview of the key findings of academic research into the effects of institutional care for vulnerable children. Studies that used scientific sampling techniques were selected, including standardized measuring tools, comparison groups, and long-term tracking of subjects. The included literature review examines studies on children served by group care, outcomes, cost, and policy implications. Other literature reviews examine mental health implications of group care.

REVIEW

Early studies documented the adverse effects that long-term institutional care had on young children’s emotional, social, and cognitive development (Goldfarb, 1945; Bowlby, 1951; Provence & Lipton, 1962; Spitz, 1965). Today, studies continue to affirm that orphanage care is an unsatisfactory option for young children who cannot remain with their own families.

Serious questions remain unanswered about the suitability of institutional care for foster children and youth. Child welfare researchers and professionals have observed that residential treatment